Maternal and paternal history of myocardial infarction and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women.

BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the effects of paternal and maternal history of myocardial infarction (MI), including age at MI, on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, particularly among women. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively studied 22 071 men from the Physicians' Health Study and 39 876 women from the Women's Health Study with data on parental history and age at MI. Among men, 2654 CVD cases developed over 13.0 years; among women, 563 CVD cases occurred over 6.2 years. Compared with men with no parental history, only maternal, only paternal, and both maternal and paternal history of MI conferred relative risks (RRs) of CVD of 1.71, 1.40, and 1.85; among women, the respective RRs were 1.46, 1.15, and 2.05. For men, maternal age at MI of <50, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and >/=80 years had RRs of 1.00, 1.88, 1.88, 1.67, and 1.17; for women, the RRs for maternal age at MI of <50, 50 to 59, and >/=60 years were 2.57, 1.33, and 1.52. Paternal age at MI of <50, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and >/=80 years in men had RRs of 2.19, 1.64, 1.42, 1.16, and 0.92; in women, for paternal age at MI of <50, 50 to 59, and >/=60 years, the RRs were 1.63, 1.33, and 1.13. CONCLUSIONS An early history of parental MI (<60 years) conferred a greater risk of CVD than did MI at older ages. However, an increased risk of CVD remained for maternal age at MI of 70 to 79 years in men and >/=60 years in women, which suggests that any maternal history of MI may be important.